Business environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Business condition - Essay Example Each and every other day in papers we see the report about side project, takeovers, mergers and procurement. For a fruitful advancement of an item or administration, at some stage, it is basic to experience mergers and obtaining. Numerous specialists accept that mergers increment the effectiveness and estimations of a firm and along these lines, assets can be used in the most ideal manner, in this way expanding the general benefit of shareholding. (The Basics of Merger and Acquisition, 2010) 1.1 What is a Merger? Merger is characterized as amalgamation of at least two organizations so as to frame a solitary organization where just one organization endures and the amalgamated one lose their corporate presence. The organization that means to endures take overs all the benefits and liabilities of those organizations which have been blended. In merger, all the shareholding, resources and liabilities of one organization is moved to the organization that needs to get by as: Debentures Equi ty share Cash Or blend of the entirety of the abovementioned. (The Basics of Merger and Acquisition, 2010) 1.2 What is Acquisition? As a rule, obtaining is characterized as procuring the responsibility for organization. With regards to business, obtaining is an acquisition of an organization where the purchaser buys the shareholding, resources and liabilities of dealer. ... Remodel of Product offices Mergers and obtaining helps in seriously using assets and plants, accomplishing economies of scales through growing and effectively using creation offices. It likewise helps in after deals administrations and in this way improving consumer loyalty. iii. Market Expansion The most basic preferred position of merger and obtaining is that it helps in extending the market and lifts development of business. Mergers and securing helps in disposing of rivalry and offers new items and enhancement methodologies to the combined or gained organizations. iv. Monetary Strength In history, numerous mergers and acquisitions have bombed however in the vast majority of the cases, money related quality of organizations in the wake of getting combined or obtained has expanded. Mergers and acquisitions help in improving liquidity and give access to the money assets. More prominent support of benefits is given and outfitting ability gets improved. By being combined or gained, or ganizations are in better situation to profit tax breaks and the EPS (Earning Per Share) additionally gets improved. (Sobek, 2000) v. General Gains After merger and obtaining, an organization gets in a situation to improve its open picture and it additionally pulls in experienced administrative abilities to search for its administrative issues. M&As (Mergers and Acquisitions) help in offering better fulfillment to the clients or purchasers of its items. vi. Key Purpose The organization which will get the other one searches for all the accessible choices including item extension, advertise development, vertical development, even extension and so on. In this manner, the organization sets it key reason which

John Steinbecks Novel, In Dubious Battle Essay -- John Steinbeck In D

John Steinbeck's Novel, In Dubious Battle We are fortunate to have numerous gifted essayists who have effectively shown US history through their exceptional bits of writing. One author of this sort is John Steinbeck in the novel In Dubious Battle. It happens in the 1930’s when Franklin Deleanor Roosevelt was President. The story is set in a little, provincial, some portion of California, which is known as the Torgas Valley. The tale happened before World War II at the late piece of the Great Depression. The US was all the while recouping from the destruction from a large portion of the American Industries that fell during the Great Depression. Because of the Industrial Revolution, there were not, at this point any huge enterprises to help the flooding measure of laborers. The ranches were the main spot that required a huge work power. Hence a large number of the laborers needed to move to the country zones to help their necessities and to endure. The ranch proprietors were currently ready to cut the wages fundamentall y, realizing that the laborers would not stop and they would complete all the work.  â â â â The fundamental character In Dubious Battle is Jim Nolan. All through the novel his life continually changes. No day is commonplace in his life. From the outset he was a typical working man in the urban pieces of California. In any case, he was not happy with his activity and needed to have a totally extraordinary life. He at that point chose to join the Reds, or Radicals, which was a Party that needed to begin strikes and dissent against the low wages given to all the w...

The closing of the Muslim mind Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

The end of the Muslim brain - Essay Example (b) What are the political, financial and social outcomes of the end of the Muslim brain? (c) Is the rise and quality of the Al Qaeda related with the end of the Muslim psyche? (d) Is there an exit from this useless culture for the common Muslim? The end of the Muslim brain as set forward by Reilly speaks to the dismissal of reason by Muslims, for an unreasonable and exacting adherence to the precepts of Islam and the Quran, regardless of whether they acclimate tot he requests of human explanation or not. Reilly follows the underlying foundations of the present useless Islamic culture back to an extraordinary scholarly fight that occurred between two gatherings of Muslims †the Mu’tazlites and the Ash’arites, which seethed during the ninth century and was settled around the center of the century. The Mu’tzalites endeavored to adjust confidence and reason in a similar way as Christianity was likewise trying to do. They completely acknowledged the lessons of th e Quran and its power, yet contended that these lessons could be exposed to rationale and reason; legitimate examination of crafted by Allah could demonstrate managable to the requests of human explanation. ... They were so determined on their perspective that they would not permit even the smallest addressing of the Quran, they would acknowledge no not exactly complete and express submission. The Mu’tzalites brought up that a few logical inconsistencies existed in the Quran and contended that reason must be the directing component driving devotees to reality. Yet, the Ash’arites shot back that if Allah decided to be opposing, who were simple humans to address him? In this extraordinary scholarly fight, the Ash’arites were the victors. The nearness of the Mu’tzalites and their thinking held the entryway open for some exchange to happen between various beliefs, however with the triumph of the Ash’arite see hit the entryway shut against the Muslim brain, since reason itself was held in hatred by the prevailing perspective, accordingly any interfaith discourse got incomprehensible. It additionally made the Muslims impervious to a logical viewpoint and a syste matic methodology. When reason was shut off, all fights got subject to winning through force and predominance; any scrutinizing of the Quran was held to be profane and deserving of judgment. The most unfortunate outcome of the end of the Muslim brain is the passing of logical advances and accomplishments in the Muslim world. The entirety of the major logical achievements in the Islamic world were accomplished preceding the twelfth century; after the definitive triumph of the Ash’arites, there has been a striking absence of logical turn of events and thought among Islamic nations, on the grounds that the Muslim psyche has been shut off to reason, rationale and addressing, for visually impaired, unquestioning compliance to the principles of the Quran. In contrast to Western human advancement, which grasps reason and advances through the proliferation of reason, Islam grasps nonsensicalness. Any conviction or

Air Canada Takes Off with Maintenix Essays

Air Canada Takes Off with Maintenix Essays Air Canada Takes Off with Maintenix Paper Air Canada Takes Off with Maintenix Paper Air Canada Takes off with Maintenix Read the Interactive Session: Technology, and afterward talk about the accompanying inquiries: 1. What issues does Air Canada trust that Maintenix will unravel? 2. How does Maintenix improve operational effectiveness and dynamic? 3. Give instances of three choices bolstered by the Maintenix framework. What data do the Maintenix modules give to help every one of these choices? Answer: 1. What issues does Air Canada trust that Maintenix will tackle? The Air Canada trust that the Maintenix will take care of the issue that the framework weren’t ready to collaborate with each other or with money and stock frameworks. The Air Canada trust that the arrangement will give extra functionalities to Air Canadas Engineering, Planning, Materials Management, Line Maintenance and Technical Records divisions and is required to be completely executed at all Air Canada areas by 2010. 2. How does Maintenix improve operational effectiveness and dynamic? Matinten ix gives a framework stage that is open through the Web and simple to send to all stations the world over. About operational effectiveness :Mxi claims that their product decreases redundant errands and time pursuing absent or inadequate data by permitting support, building, and money divisions to handily share data. The Mxi Maintenix(R) programming utilizes a cutting edge engineering and gives propelled abilities, for example, a job based Web program interface, robotized work process, incorporation connectors, electronic marks, and backing for compact remote gadgets. Notwithstanding providing Maintenix, Mxi gives a full scope of administrations including Maintenix usage, business counseling, frameworks incorporation, preparing, and support. 3. Give instances of three choices bolstered by the Maintenix framework. What data do the Maintenix modules give to help every one of these choices? support building, line upkeep, and materials the board modules. Examples1, the upkeep designing module: the carrier can set up a â€Å"logical onfiguration†, which depicts airplane segments, part connections, and similarity rules. The Mix modules used to build up the arrangement chain of command, rules, and support program that the entirety of different modules rely on. Examples2, the line support: this module permits Air Canada to guarantee that certified professionals are accessible before they plan upkeep. The Mix gives line station arranging applications dependent on the abilities of the line station offices just as the aircrafts’ booked areas. E xmaples3, the materials the board module: The Mix guarantees that base measure of each part is consistently in stock without making engineers be lacking in parts at any occasions. At the point when Air Canada experts take a shot at planes, they utilize a few diverse inheritance programming bundles that have been introduced in the course of the most recent 15 years. The frameworks don’t consistently converse with one another or the money and stock frameworks, so the Montreal-based carrier has recruited Mxi Technologies Ltd. of Ottawa to supplant it. The organizations declared for the current week Air Canada is booked to begin introducing Mxi’s Maintenix programming one year from now. The organizations didn't uncover( ) the all out expense, however the agreement is worth â€Å"multi a large number of dollars,† said Hans Downer, Mxi’s official VP for deals and backing. Maintenix is intended to let support, building and account divisions share data, and Mxi claims this diminishes dreary errands. â€Å"One of the advantages of the Mxi item is, the entirety of this is coordinated into a solitary framework, gives us a solitary view and a solitary arranging system for our whole fleet,† said Steve Bogie, Air Canada’s program chief for the product execution. It gets us off that inheritance stage and puts us on to a Web stage that we can convey to the entirety of our stations the world over. † Maintenix utilizes â€Å"n-tier† design that isolates the business rationale part from the database and from the UI. From ComputerWorld Canada Kronos wins another Air Canada contract It has incorporation connectors, which are sold independentl y and lets the product share data with big business asset arranging (ERP) programming, in addition to flight tasks applications, general record, flexibly chain streamlining nd HR frameworks. It incorporates work process works and can be bolstered by an outsider application specialist organization. Air Canada intends to enlist an organization to have its usage, however it has not picked a supplier, Bogie said. Its six modules are support building, line upkeep, overwhelming support, shop support, materials the executives and money. Air Canada is utilizing every one of the six modules, however the overwhelming support, shop upkeep and fund modules might be executed mostly. This is on the grounds that a different contractual worker, Air Canada Technical Services (ACTS), likewise keeps up Air Canada planes. ACTS has been spun off as a different organization and is certifiably not an auxiliary, said the airline’s media relations supervisor, John Reber. Bogie said Air Canada intends to execute the full arrangement of upkeep designing, line support and materials the board modules. The support building module is utilized to set up rules and clients can pre-populate the information. They can likewise set up a â€Å"logical configuration,† which depicts the airplane segments, part connections and similarity rules.

American Bar Association, Section of Environment, Energy, and Resources Essay Example for Free

American Bar Association, Section of Environment, Energy, and Resources Essay The utility that is as of now managed by an administrative commission or organization is power. The state, government and neighborhood organizations direct power that is conveyed to the shoppers while simultaneously deciding the pace of return for the utility. One of the significant bodies that play out the obligation of directing power rates is the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) (McGrew, American Bar Association, 2009). Guideline of power as one of the usually utilized utility is finished by administrative organizations and specialists that decide the costs that are charged. Aside from the guideline of costs of power that shoppers are charged, the administrative specialists likewise decide the terms of administration to the buyers, the financial plans and the different development designs that have been set up (McGrew, American Bar Association, 2009).   Electricity is a critical utility that should be directed to guarantee the security of the shoppers from deceitful retailers of the utility (McGrew American Bar Association, 2009). The administrative principles set down assistance in setting the retail rates that are charged on customers while simultaneously helping the retailers to recoup the different costs that they have brought about thus furnish them with a pace of profit for its capital that can be viewed as â€Å"fair.† Regulation of power retail rates by government organizations and administrative commissions is additionally confronted with the issue of assigning the regular costs that are engaged with the guideline (McGrew, American Bar Association, 2009).   Furthermore, the utility’s pace of return for the retailers is additionally influenced by the legislative issues, whereby this permits scope that is engaged with the setting of rates for the various shoppers in the market (McGrew, American Bar Association, 2009). The guideline by the administration just as the administrative organizations and commissions likewise necessitate that the utility serves all the clients just as be capable in arranging extension and increases of offices to foresee development in the market (McGrew, American Bar Association, 2009). Deregulation has been a piece of the procedure that has been found to have some effect on the flexibly of power just as the rates charged on power gracefully and appropriation.   According to the â€Å"Federal Power Act† (McGrew, J. H., American Bar Association, 2009), the discount cost of power notwithstanding the charges on transmission, should be founded on the expenses of creation (McGrew, American Bar Association. (2009). Notwithstanding, because of deregulation, the FERC will in general acknowledge the costs that are set by the business sectors as long as the set gauges by the office are met. The principle purpose behind this acknowledgment of costs set by the business sectors is to energize and bolster rivalry inside the business and diminish restraining infrastructure (McGrew, American Bar Association, 2009).   The deregulation of the business all in all bodes well in that when there is adequate rivalry. Rivalry inside a market helps in the arrangement of value administration to shoppers in light of the fact that every one of the providers attempts their best to pull in clients (McGrew, American Bar Association, 2009). Thusly, it implies that the rates charged on shoppers won't be as high as when there is restraining infrastructure in the business. The general approach by FERC of needing to extend the pretended by the business sectors just as increment deregulation bodes well as far as incomes that providers will make just as a sound market for buyers (McGrew, American Bar Association, 2009). Reference McGrew, J. H., American Bar Association. (2009). FERC: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. Chicago, Ill: American Bar Association, Section of Environment, Energy, and Resources. Source record

Answering Questions On Health Information Management - 2200 Words

Answering Questions On Health Information Management (Other (Not Listed) Sample) Content: HEALTH INFORMATION MANAGEMENTName of InstitutionName of StudentCourseDatePART 1Question 1The following are some of the primary roles of Health Information Management (HIM) professionals in the electronic health information systems. * HIM professionals have the duty of ensuring the medical information on patients is secure and protected. * HIM professionals have the role of patient identity management * HIM professionals also have the duty of providing appropriate data and information to stakeholders in the healthcare sectors. Medical decisions by this information in the care time and place.The adaptation of Electronic Health Record (EHR) exposes healthcare institutions to privacy issues. This is because the electronic exchange of patients medical records for access and use by other professionals expose the information to possible privacy breaches. Privacy when it comes to medical information has deep historical roots, and as the sector transition from paper records t o electronic health information systems it is important to ensure that this tradition is kept(De Bord, Burke, Dudzinski, 2017).In addition to privacy being a tradition in the healthcare sector, it is also a constitutional right. As such it is important for the HIM professionals to ensure that patients are secure and protected otherwise, it would result in legal suits for the institution involved(Zeng, Reynolds, Sharp, 2017). Issues of confidentiality, privacy, and security of patients information will always challenge the both the organization and HIM professionals. This is because both the institution and its electronic health information systems are constantly expanding and as such more data is been collected.Consequently ensuring confidentiality, privacy and security of patients information get hard and almost impossible especially with the introduction of mobile health devices which enable remote access to paramedics and other outpatient caregivers. To deal with the issues of confidentiality, privacy and security of patients information HIM professionals have to develop policies and procedures related to the governance of the information. If the policies and procedures are implemented well, then the patients privacy rights are assured and as such the HIM professionals successfully perform one of their primary duties. The assurance ensures that patients and health care providers have a trusting environment hence efficiency in service delivery and quality(Zeng, Reynolds, Sharp, 2017).The second primary duty of HIM professionals is in patient identity management. This is a critical role of the HIM professionals since all information about a patient is not collected at one point but rather by a number of different systems within the healthcare organization capture patient information. To effectively manage patients identity HIM professionals need a patient identifier system like master patient index (MPI). Patient identifier systems ensure healthcare organi zations have the ability to understand and accurately measure its patient population. This type of system holds information on all patients registered with a given medical care organization(Zeng, Reynolds, Sharp, 2017).Patient identifier system stores information such as; the patient name, their social security number, gender, race, date of birth, and place of residence, contact details, and the patient's medical history. This system reduces inefficiencies, duplicative care, medical errors and chances of care gives having incomplete information. This is because the system ensures that patients are only represented or registered only once and that the information used for demographic identification is constant in all systems within the organization. Consequently, this reduces the overall costs of healthcare while improving its quality and efficiency of delivery. This is because patients get accurate medical care(Rouse, 2017). In addition to this, the system enables the tracking of p atients and other individuals activities within an organization and across patient care settings.The second primary duty of HIM professionals is in ensuring Information interoperability. This is providing appropriate data and information to stakeholders in the healthcare sector to guide medical decisions in the care time and place. HIM professionals ensure there is information interoperability since they enable the movement and sharing of electronic health information. Under this role, HIM professionals have the mandate to ensure that electronic health information is available whenever and wherever needed within the institution and the whole industry as a whole. This role is patient oriented and is critical since it facilitates proper medical attention. While on a day to day basis this may not seem important it is core during bioterrorism surveillance, disaster management and other times when healthcare tracking is needed. Within the Health Information Technology community ensuring that information is available to the person who needs it at the time and place in which they need it can mean death or life for patients(Zeng, Reynolds, Sharp, 2017). As such ensuring Information interoperability remains to be one of the most important roles of Health Information Management professionals in the electronic health information systemsQuestion 2Of the roles identified in Question 1 above I feel that HIM professionals duty in ensuring the medical information on patients is secure and protected is the most important for the healthcare community. The success of the healthcare industry is built on the trust between patients and health care providers. As such it is of vital significance that privacy and confidentiality be assured. It is because of this trust that patients are able to share personal information with their health care provider, and it is this information that is used in the diagnosis and treatment. As such if the privacy and confidentiality of the information shared were not guaranteed the trust in the health care provider would be withdrawn by the patient. Other than confidentiality being a moral requirement on the part of health care provider it is also a legal requirement. According to the Health Information Portability and Accountability Act of 1997 (HIPAA), organizations in the healthcare industry are required to policies and procedures in place that protect and secure the privacy of patients information both electronic and otherwise. The policies mainly include procedures that govern computer and information access and security(De Bord, Burke, Dudzinski, 2017).Despite the fact that electronic medical record and the current trends in technology pose a great challenge to confidentiality. Organizations have to guarantee or promise privacy and confidentiality to its patients. This is because if this is not the case, patients will share less information specially the more sensitive and important information. This would impact the indu stry negatively since without all the information cases of misdiagnosis, duplicative care, and medical errors would increase due to incomplete information(De Bord, Burke, Dudzinski, 2017). As such the ability of Health Information Management professionals in ensuring privacy and confidentiality in the electronic health information systems is important for the healthcare industry as a whole.PART 2Question 1Define these EHR elementsDATA- as an electronic health information element data refers all numbers or text information that a patient inputs in the system. It constitutes plain facts about the patients. It includes; the patients name, their social security number, gender, race, date of birth, and place of residence, contact details, medications, allergies, universal patient identifier and their medical history.CHARACTER- as an electronic health information element a character refers the single simplest unit of information that corresponds to existing graphene symbol like the alp habet of a written natural language. Examples include; numerical digits, letters and symbols like the punctuation mark.FIELD as an electronic health information element a field refers to data about the same patient that has been divided into several parts. For example when a patient is registering for the first time with the hospital the fields that require filling will include the patients...

ABC Company Limited Funding Proposal - 275 Words

ABC Company Limited Funding Proposal (Research Proposal Sample) Content: ABC COMPANY LIMITEDP.O BOX: 3090 ELDORETTEL: 0721223122EMAIL: abc-companyltd@yahoo .comPRESENTED TO: THE USAID AND UNDPDATE: JUNE, 2015SIGNATURE:ABC COMPANY LIMITEDP.O BOX: 3090 ELDORETTEL: 0721223122EMAIL: abc-companyltd@yahoo .comTO USAID UNDPJUNE-2TH, 2015RE: FUNDING PROPOSALI am pleased to submit this proposal from the ABC Company Limited, requesting a funding investment of Ksh. 8,000,000 to help start publishing of a water project. This grant will provide part of the funds needed to start and run this water project as one of the programmes of enriching the Uasin Gishu county and its outskirts, spiritually. These funds will cater for the startup capital.The lack of basic commodities such as water in the area is a main concern for different stakeholders for especially the people in the rural areas. Even where water is available, a continuous supply of the same in necessary to support the livelihoods of the people. Water in the rural areas is used for dri nking, farming and for other purposes including construction. Unfortunately, there are cases of wide spread cholera in the area due to unclean water.The ABC Company is willing to invest in providing clean water to the residents of Uasin Gishu area. The ABC Company of Kenya will provide the platform for clean and safe water to the residents of Uasin Gishu County. The ABC Companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s head offices will be at Uasin Gishu County.Unfortunately, ABC Company cannot fully afford the starting and run this water project including its operations and the equipmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s needed to accomplish its goals. Working in collaboration with you, the ABC Company will be able to start this project to overcome the rising demand to stop cholera from spreading in the region.Please feel free to call us if you have any questions or would like us to arrange a site visit. We look forward to meeting with you soon.Yours Sincerely,NAME________________________PROJECT MANAGERWATER PROJECT MONITORING AND E VALUATION PLAN1.0 Executive SummaryThe proposed ABC Company Limited will be run and managed by ABC management team as a registered company that intends to upgrade its operations of clean and safe water provision. The water project intends to stimulate local employment and wealth creation in Uasin Gishu County. The water project intends to be one of Uasin Gishuà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s main health sub-sectors that will contribute to economic growth through expanding both small and large scale use of clean and safe water by improving water effectively and maintained water sources.This water project initiative intends to benefit the following stakeholders: the farmers (mainly large farmers and smallholders who produce the crops and rare animals). The development of this water project in Uasin Gishu County has tremendous potential partly due to the fact that the County ranks among the leading counties in Kenya in terms of cattle population. The development of a local water project in Uasin Gishu Cou nty is likely to help farmers by providing more water for their livestock.The water project intends to create a variety of technical and skilled job opportunities in Uasin Gishu County ranging from selectors of materials, quality controllers, mechanics, and unskilled casual laborers.Additionally, the water project is to be of benefit to all the residents of Uasin Gishu County in that it will enable them access water that is clean and safe for use at their homes. The water project aims at bringing a significant improvement to the economy of Uasin Gishu County. The number of business in Uasin Gishu County will be able to tap water from here to be used in the business activities around the area.2.0 ObjectivesThe initial objectives of the ABC Company Limited are as follows: 1 To raise seed capital of Ksh. 8, 000,000 to increase the provision of clean and safe water for domestic use, agricultural productivity and ensure food security. 2 To prevent total collapse of the existing water pro jects in the event of heavy downpour or contamination by cholera; 3 To improve food production and the living standards of the target group through sustainable improvement of the operational efficiency of the Water projects 4 Foster accountability and transparency of resources used; and document, provide feedback on lessons learned and dissemination of results among project stakeholders. 5 To rehabilitation existing water projects outlets; 6 To increase reliable water delivery that meets the international standards of environmental sustainability and health policies.3.0 Mission (of the organization/institution)To empower the local communities to be self sustaining by initiating water projects that is both economically and socially beneficial.4.0 Keys to SuccessTaken together, precision, accuracy, representativeness, completeness, and comparability comprise the major data quality indicators used to assess the quality of the programà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s data. * Precision is the degree of agree ment among repeated field measurements of the same indicator and gives information about the consistency of your methods. It is typically defined as relative percent difference, or RPD. * Accuracy is a measure of confidence that describes how close a measurement is to its "true" or expected value. * Representativeness is the extent to which measurements actually represent the true environmental condition. Parameters, site selection (including location of sampling point within the water column), time, and frequency of sample collection can all play a role in determining how representative a sample is. * Comparability is the extent to which data can be compared between sample locations or periods of time within a project, or between different projects. * Completeness is the comparison between the amounts of valid or usable data the program originally intended to collect versus how much was actually collected.Precision is often evaluated in the field by participants taking duplicate measurements for at least 10% of samples, where applicable.Most sampling sites are selected to be representative of the water body (or in the case of hotspot monitoring, of the pollution source of interest). Sample collection timing and frequency is selected to capture data that are representative of target conditions (e.g. a range of water levels, weather, seasons, etc.).The comparability of the data collected can be assured by using known protocols and documenting methods, analysis, sampling sites, times and dates, sample storage and transfer, as well as laboratories and identification specialists used so that future surveys can produce comparable data by following similar procedures.Project monitoring should attempt to maximize the completeness of the dataset. At least 80% of the anticipated number of samples are typically collected, analyzed and determined to meet data quality objectives for the project to be considered fully successful. In the end, however, any quality-contr olled data are usually considered useful in some way. A report detailing the number of anticipated samples, number of valid results and percent completion (number of valid samples/number of anticipated samples) for each parameter is typically produced.5.0 Background Information5.1 Locality BackgroundEldoret is a town in western parts of Kenya. It is the capital and largest town in Uasin Gishu County. Lying south of the Cherangani Hills. The population was 289,380 in the 2009 census, and it is currently the fastest growing town in Kenya. It is also the 2nd largest urban centre in Midwestern Kenya after Nakuru and currently the 5th largest urban centre in Kenya.The name Eldoret is based on the Maasai word "eldore" meaning "stony river" because the bed of the nearby Sosiani River is very stony. The white settlers decided to call it Eldoret to make it easier for them to pronounce it. At the start of the colonial era, the area was occupied by the Nandi, before that by the Maasai and bef ore that the Sirikwa.5.2 Project BackgroundThe main goal of the ABC company limited water project is to increasing clean and safe water supply to ensure food security and regulate cholera out spread in Uasin Gishu County. The focus of the ABC company limited water project establishing provision of clean and safe water for both domestic and industrial use. The ABC Limited was established in 2000. It is located in Eldoret Town, along Sirikwa street right behind Central Bank on Uganda Road. Ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s a partnership business, which is concerned with provision of clean and safe water. The company has a share in providing jobs for the local community through helping them tap up locally based water project. Currently we are working towards opening and increasing the provision of cleaner and safer water for residents in the action to stop the spread of water born disease such as cholera.ABC Company Limited has an obsession for quality and constant endeavor to perfect our methods and pro cesses in management has helped us achieve much. This in effect makes us one of the most conscious water companies in Kenya. We have a dedicated team of 50 employees who have vast experience in water engineering and environmental sanitation and most of all several fleets of vehicles which enables us to manage materials and business operations. The company also has a team ready to work within the shortest time possible to meet our goals and the communityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s demands.ABC Company Limited has been proudly serving both locally and internationally. Backed by a group of motivated and experienced staff, ABC Company Limited has revolutionized the industry with innovative work. We are concerned with provision of professionalism in enabling the community experience a better livelihood from clean and saf...

The Westward Expansion Of The United States - 1144 Words

â€Å"Evolution is a process of constant branching and expansion.† That quote, once said by Stephen Jay Gould, can represent the Westward Expansion of the United States. In the early 1800s, the United States started trying to expand west. The U.S. acquired Florida, Texas, the Gadsden Territory, the Mexican Cession, the Oregon Territory, and the Louisiana Territory. All of those acquisitions helped evolve the United States into what it is today. Almost all of the land we own is from the Westward Expansion. Unfortunately, the United States were greedy and had to keep branching and expanding out west in order to become a more powerful country. The actions that the U.S. chose to expand were not just to harm others. In fact, none of the acquisitions in the Westward Expansion were through war. The reason for the United States’ actions was to acquire more land, and some of the time, the opposing country would refuse a treaty, and the U.S. showed their greed by attacking those pieces of land, trying to force the opposing country to cede the land. Therefore, the U.S. was greedy and would use any way that it could to acquire land from other countries One way the U.S. would try to acquire countries was through war. In 1819, the United States acquired Florida from Spain with the Adams-Onis Treaty. This acquisition took a while to happen. There were a lot of battles between the United States and the Seminoles. This acquisition started when President Andrew Jackson invaded the Seminoles inShow MoreRelatedThe Westward Expansion Of The United States960 Words   |  4 PagesThe Westward expansion began for the United States with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. For $15 million dollars, President Thomas Jefferson purchased from France 828,000 square miles, including most of 14 current states, thus doubling the size of America. Jefferson now had the land, but how to populate it was another story. On a three year expedition, Lewis and Clark were sent by Jefferson to explore the lands to get a better understanding of the geography and resources of the West. During the 1830sRead MoreWestward Expansion Of The United States1477 Words   |   6 PagesThe United States began its life as a small nation consisting of only thirteen states. Over time the leaders of this county recognized that in order to prosper the nation would need to expand beyond the current set borders. Westward Expansion was the only solution, to adopt such a large endeavor meant that the population had to have a reason to migrate west. Expansion had appeal to the Southern land owners for the fact that the Missouri Compromise did not affect territories that were not part ofRead MoreThe United States Westward Expansion919 Words   |  4 Pagesculture. The United States grew drastically and new land became available over time. This surge in population created the Manifest Destiny, the belief of expansion from sea to sea. The United States’ westward expansion was a wicked, but vital component during the 1800s that allowed the nation to exercise its power and prosper economically at the price of unfair manipulation towards Native Americans as well a s a cruel game of tug of war with the lives of slaves. In order to promote expansion, the federalRead MoreWestward Expansion Of The United States1017 Words   |  5 PagesWestward expansion seemed perfectly natural to Americans in the mid-nineteenth century. Many settlers even believed that America, as a nation, was destined−by God himself− to expand westward. This ideology became known as the Manifest Destiny. Although many Americans thought it to be a kindly movement driven by pride, it continuously proved to be aggressive, racist, and imperialistic. Enthusiasm over territorial expansion began in 1803 when Napoleon decided to offer the United States the entireRead MoreWestward Expansion Of The United States1054 Words   |  5 Pages Westward Expansion in the United States created controversy about the admission of new states into the union. The first provision of the Westward Expansion was the Compromise of 1850. This compromise was designed to settle disputes among the North and South states about slavery expansion. Senator Henry Clay proposed that California be admitted as a free slave in a trade-off for tougher fugitive slave laws for runaways. As a part of the compromise of 1950, Congress also passed the Fugitive LawRead MoreWestward Expansion Of The United States1060 Words   |  5 PagesWestward expansion changed into the preference of the US to govern the territories of western components of the United States that had been either unclaimed or occupied by using other international locations. It is pertinent to comprehend that the us history became inspired with the aid of England in diverse methods. Within the second 1/2 of 18th century, the railroad which that turned into invented in England introduced a main effect in the USA enlargement to the West. Railroads originated fromRead MoreThe Impact Of Westward Expansion On The United States1571 Words   |  7 Pagesopened the door to westward expansion. Thomas Jefferson purchased this extensive plot of land with the hopes of strengthening and expanding the Republic, unaware that it would have the opposite effect. Jefferson’s fateful decision to expand the United States nearly destroyed the Republic that Americans worked so hard to build. It triggered the rise of divisions amongst Americans. These small cracks continued to grow and tear at the seams of the nation. Although westward expansion between 1800 and 1848Read MoreWestward Expansion and the Effects on the United States Essay1050 Words   |  5 PagesRunning Head: WESTWARD EXPANSION Westward Expansion and the Effects On the United States October 3, 2007 Abstract The Louisiana Purchase was the largest land deal in our history. It doubled the size of the United States and gave us a strong face as an economic power. It brought immigrants from all over the world for the idea of owning land and making a living for themselves. We also had a second expansion with the Adams-Onis treaty in 1819 (Davidson, 2002, p.p. 246-247) where weRead MoreEssay On Manifest Destiny1551 Words   |  7 PagesManifest Destiny was a widely spread belief that settlers in the United States should expand across North America. It was the belief that fueled the westward expansion. The westward expansion led to many other events in and around the United States. Before Manifest Destiny and the westward expansion the French and Indian War and Revolutionary War took place which allowed America to declare independence. Manifest Destiny was a big influence on the evolution of transport and technology. Before weRead MoreManifest Destiny1555 Words   |  7 PagesThe Evolution Of Transportation Manifest Destiny was a widely spread belief that settlers in the United States should expand across North America. It was the belief that fueled the westward expansion. The westward expansion led to many other events in and around the United States. Before Manifest Destiny and the westward expansion the French and Indian War and Revolutionary War took place which allowed America to declare independence. Manifest Destiny was a big influence on the evolution of transport

Asylum - Immigration Glossary - Definition of Asylum

Asylum is the protection granted by a nation to a person who cannot return to their home country for fear of prosecution. An asylee is a person who seeks asylum. You may request asylum from the U.S. when you arrive at a U.S. port of entry, or after you arrive in the United States regardless of whether you are in the U.S. legally or illegally. Since its founding, the United States has been a sanctuary for refugees seeking protection from persecution. The country has granted asylum to more than 2 million refugees in the last three decades alone. Who is a Refugee? U.S. law defines a refugee as someone who: Is located outside the United States.Is of special humanitarian concern to the United States.Demonstrates that they â€Å"were persecuted or fear persecution due to race, religion, nationality, political opinion, or membership in a particular social group.†Is not firmly resettled in another country.Is admissible to the United States. A refugee does not include anyone who â€Å"ordered, incited, assisted, or otherwise participated in the persecution of any person on account of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion.† So-called economic refugees, those the U.S. government considers to be fleeing poverty in their homelands, are not admissible. For example, thousands of Haitian migrants who washed up on Florida shores have fallen into this category in recent decades, and the government has returned them to their homeland. How Can Someone Obtain Asylum? There are two routes through the legal system for obtaining asylum in the United States: the affirmative process and the defensive process. For asylum through the affirmative process, the refugee must be physically present in the United States. It does not matter how the refugee arrived. Refugees generally must apply to U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services within on year of the date of their last arrival in the United States, unless they can show extenuating circumstances that delayed filing. Applicants must file Form I-589, the Application for Asylum and for Withholding of Removal, to USCIS. If the government rejects the application and the refugee does not have legal immigration status, then USCIS will issue a Form I-862, Notice to Appear, and refer the case to an immigration judge for resolution. According to USCIS, affirmative asylum applicants are rarely detained. Applicants may live in the United States while the government is processing their applications. Applicants can also remain in the country while waiting for a judge to hear their case but are seldom allowed to work here legally. Defensive Application for Asylum A defensive application for asylum is when a refugee requests asylum as protection against removal from the United States. Only refugees that are in removal proceedings in an immigration court can apply for defensive asylum. There generally are two ways refugees wind up in the defensive asylum process under the Executive Office for Immigration Review: USCIS has referred them to an immigration judge after the government has ruled them ineligible for asylum after going through the affirmative process.They were placed in removal proceedings because they were apprehended in the United States without proper legal documents or in violation of their immigration status. Or, they were caught trying to enter the United States without proper documents and designated for expedited removal. It’s important to note that defensive asylum hearings are court-like. They are conducted by immigration judges and are adversarial. The judge will hear arguments from the government and from the petitioner before making a ruling. The immigration judge has the power to grant the refugee a green card or decide whether the refugee may be eligible for other forms of relief. Either side can appeal the judge’s decision. In the affirmative process, the refugee appears before a USCIS asylum officer for a non-adversarial interview. The individual must provide a qualified interpreter for that interview. In the defensive process, the immigration court provides the interpreter. Finding a qualified lawyer is important for refugees trying to navigate the asylum process which can be long and complicated.

Chapter 1 Short Story - 922 Words

Gwen stiffened. â€Å"All Percival has to do is ask. Blancheflor, your village is but a long day’s ride from Camelot! Arthur would gladly grant him that. If you want to visit, all you have to do is send word. Arthur would welcome you with honors.† Blancheflor shrugged. Disbelief dampened Gwen’s glad message in her ears. â€Å"I miss him. He misses me. Still I don’t wish to intrude.† â€Å"What? Most certainly not!† Gwen argued. â€Å"As Percival’s companion, you’d be accorded a place at Arthur’s high table! Arthur doesn’t care who someone is, their status or where they’re from. He judges them on their merit. You are a valued friend and would be treated accordingly. Please!† Blancheflor coughed. â€Å"Even after he exiled you, you still defend him. He doubted†¦show more content†¦She rolled her eyes. â€Å"She actually sits at her father’s council table. He looks to her for advice even in granting justice. Since her mother’s death, the Princess is more the Queen than anything else. She might offer you some perspective.† Gwen nodded. She glanced toward the sky to see Sol just short of his zenith overhead. â€Å"Perhaps we should ride on then?† â€Å"We’d make Whitgate in a few hours. Perhaps we might find suitable lodgings afterwards?† Seeing Gwen’s reluctance to put her out further in her eyes, Blancheflor insisted, â€Å"You are my guest. We shall do what we can for Camelot. Now we have a bit of road ahead?† â€Å"We do indeed,† Gwen conceded. She got back on her horse and followed the other down the road. **** [Two Hours Laterï ¿ ½Ã¢â‚¬ Whitgate] Anticipation lent to the companions’ pace. Their horses’ hooves seemed to barely stir the dirt underfoot. The trees around them blurred by. The distance seemed to melt away. In what seemed like a breath’s time but was in reality much longer of course, they clomped over Whitgate’s drawbridge. They wound their way through the lower town and up the cobbles toward the upper town. They didn’t stop or look around until they’d reached the citadel. Blancheflor pulled up on the reins. â€Å"Whoa!† She put her hand up to signal that intent to Gwen. â€Å"And here we are! This is King Rodor’s citadel.† Gwen slowed and then stopped her horse. She dismounted allowing her eyes to canvass andShow MoreRelatedShort Story : A Short Chapter : Chapter 11430 Words   |  6 Pagesher eyes, which were unable to see his in the darkness, then he checked to see Torins hand placed against her small waist more in reassurance than in having to hold her close to the wall. Once they reached the top landing, Duncan pulled the short braided rope attached to an old bronze ships bell. The clang rang off the stone walls which echoed loud enough to surly raise the dead at the very least to alert the household as was the intent. Duncan stepped back to let the door swing outward, whichRead MoreShort Story : A Short Chapter : Chapter 12137 Words   |  9 Pagesbrothers got in and went back to the motel. â€Å"Fay gets the bed,† Sam was about to protest when Dean quickly shut him up. â€Å"She stabbed a ghost in the eye twice, killed him, made friends with a ghost, and saved both our asses,† Fay just grabbed her black shorts and tank then walked into the bathroom. Stripping down, she turned on the hot water, letting the warmed rinse off the dirt and grime from the asylum. Turning off the water, she grabbed her toothbrush. As she got out the toothpaste there was a knockRead MoreShort Story Chapter 11517 Words   |  7 PagesWith a loud screech and a grinding of metal, the thick steel door swung open revealing a dark, damp tunnel that led downward. Quickly, Axus rushed down the narrow path to another door. This entrance was much like the first, but the outside was not coated in a thin film of rust , like the one before it. Axus jammed his thumb into the green button next to the door, and spun around as the opening behind him started to close. The bright lights from the city above were extinguished as the door slowly creakedRead MoreChapter 1 Short Story892 Words   |  4 PagesAs the A-Shift crew began their chores, the Klaxon sounded. Heart racing, Johnny dropped the sheets he’d gathered from the bunks and slid into the squad. Leading the engine out of the station, Roy glanced at Johnny who appeared to be made out of stone, he was so still and tense. You okay? he asked, his voice just loud enough to be heard above the wail of the siren as he steered the squad through traffic. Yeah, think so, John replied, as he pointed out where to turn with a slight tremble hardlyRead MoreShort Story : Chapter 11516 Words   |  7 PagesThe only sound that they heard was the crash of the half table and chairs. The three were now staring at the shimmering light from the other side. Lincoln noted that in the next move, it would begin to take out their kitchen bench. That would be a little more than inconvenient. However, just as he waiting for the inevitable shift away, the tube suddenly telescoped back up and into the channel, disappearing from view. At the same time, they heard the familiar hiss of all the cell doors opening. WhoeverRead MoreShort Story Chapter 11186 Words   |  5 PagesSteve came back a few minutes later, empty handed. Wow, Cap, you took an awfully long time to get popcorn, said Clint as he heard him walking in. ...And you didnt even get the popcorn, Natasha added, eyeing him suspiciously. Steve sighed, looking around warily before leading the team into a bathroom, which would be less likely the be monitored, ignoring Clints innuendos. Weve got a lead on Tony from Fury. He just called me, giving me the address before telling me that SHIELD needed toRead MoreChapter 1 Short Story955 Words   |  4 PagesThe lawyer squinted through the dark as Hyde thought. Contemplative, then shocked, then having reached some inner resolve, Hyde sighed and thrust out a hand for the clove. â€Å"According to Lanyon, about your pulse points should suffice-- might I help?† Utterson reached forward but quickly withdrew at a glare from Hyde and cast a nervous glance about them. â€Å"Here,† announced Hyde. He returned the garlic to Utterson’s pocket and made for the gates. â€Å"It won’t take long.† Utterson stared after him for aRead MoreChapter 1 Short Story789 Words   |  4 PagesEnough was enough! thought Mr Jewel. How dare this young whippersnapper keep asking him questions? So, from his pocket, he grasped the watch on its chain and swung it in the air. So, now who is in control, you fool? he sneered, as he dangled the watch. ‘I am! I am in control,’ snarled Lord Fox. Then much to Mr Jewel’s surprise, Lord Fox snatched the watch out of his grasp, and before he knew it, the watch was being dangled in front of his eyes. ‘What the†¦?’ Imagine you are inside a painting†¦Read MoreShort Story : Chapter 11321 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Yes, Captain I am fine with that.† â€Å"Okay, you are dismissed, if you have any questions or concerns, please don’t hesitate, come straight to me.† â€Å"Don’t worry Captain if I have any questions I am sure Warren here will help me out.† He said with a dazzling smile and the first words I heard him speak. His country drawl hung deep in his words when he spoke. He clearly didn’t live around here his whole life. With that I got to my feet and left the Captain’s office and headed for my desk. He followedRead MoreShort Story Chapter 11266 Words   |  6 Pagesfright. Drakes smirk grew as he noticed this. You dont have a choice. As soon as those words made their way into the dead air he bolted towards the other boy. Shadow pushed Jace behind him and braced for the incoming attack, and not like other stories, this one hit its mark. He winced, and noted the body behind him. Activating the pipes in his calves he dashed towards a clearing only to take a fireball to the back. Come back and fight me coward! Drake was catching up fast. Shadow struggled

Accuracy And Validity Of An Instrument Affect Its Validity

1. We point out in the chapter that scores from an instrument may be reliable but not valid, yet not the reverse. Why would this be so? The scores from any source can be reliable as the authority or sincerity towards responses is expected. Validity is of different type’s criterion, and the content validity. Face validity is often calculated and verified for instruments by teachers and it validates the nature of instruments but it doesn’t ensure the validity of all types. 2. What type of evidence—content-related, criterion-related, or construct-related—do you think is the easiest to obtain? The hardest? Why? Type of evidence is of different types, the content related evidences are the easiest to obtain. Constructs are based upon questionnaires and their validity so it requires ensured validity for long run effects and validity of instruments. Sample size and tests to be applied are also issues in criterion and construct validity. 3. In what way(s) might the format of an instrument affect its validity? Format of an instrument affect validity as it requires a balanced mode of the questionnaires and interviews to be done. In case the questions are lengthy, the required level of questionnaires will be more than the satisfactory limit that will cause lack of information and evidences. The respondent will not have any interest in responses for a lengthy questionnaires. 4. â€Å"There is no single piece of evidence that satisfies construct-related validity.† Is this statementShow MoreRelatedJob Satisfaction At Walden Sport1406 Words   |  6 PagesJob Attitude Is defined as the way an individual behaves and perceives things and the output he delivers in the job he/she is assigned. This affects his/her production which ultimately determines the organization s success (Brooke, Russell, Price, 1988). According to the success of an individual, attitude is directly proportional to his/her effectiveness. The attitude and perception employees approach their work with is the same determinant of their maximum output. Attitude can also be manipulatedRead MoreJob Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, And Job Involvement1017 Words   |  5 Pagesperception about the job (job attitude). An instrument to measure each variable The instruments that can be utilized to measure each of these variables are Job satisfaction survey (JSS) for measuring job satisfaction, Job involvement scale (JIS) for measuring job involvement and Meyer Allen Instrument for measuring organizational commitment. Why the instrument is appropriate for measuring each of the selected variables Job satisfaction survey – This instrument has proven to be adequate, with providingRead MoreObesity and Healthcare Cost1624 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom another study. The range-based approach is utilized when the estimate of the largest and smallest values in the population has to be known. The last suggestion is to conduct a pilot study which is the most common method. This is when the validity is tested then the standard deviation is calculated and then the value is used to determine the appropriate sample size The criteria we would need to select our sample size would be height, weight, corporate (work force) status, health issues andRead MoreThe Limitations Of Detection Of Deception Instruments1671 Words   |  7 Pages The Limitations of Detection of Deception Instruments Voice Stress Analysis CMRJ 334 Lindsey Shaw Kelli Callahan Introduction The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the limitations of equipment that is used to detect deception and examine whether the forensic discipline aligns with The Daubert Standard of Admissibility. In regards to the types of equipment used to detect deception, the most common piece of equipment is the polygraph. However, as with every piece of equipmentRead MoreValidity and Reliability5960 Words   |  24 Pagesdeveloping research plan, always be aware that this principles critically affects the progress. One of critical aspects of evaluation and appraisal of reported research is to consider the quality of the research instrument. According to Parahoo (2006), in quantitative studies reliability and validity are two of the most important concept used by researcher to evaluate the quality of the study that is carried out. Reliability and validity in research refer specifically to the measurement of data as they willRead MoreEssay on Homework 1735 Words   |  3 Pagespredictions, te st those predictions and repeat to find the similar results. 2. Describe the threats to internal validity discussed in the text: history, maturation, testing, instrument decay, regression toward the mean, and selection differences. History is a treat to internal validity for the one group design due to some unanticipated event that can occur during the experiment and may affect the dependent variable. Maturation is where change occurs in the dependent variable due to normal developmentalRead MoreThe Caps Test Is An Instrument Administered For Career Assessment873 Words   |  4 PagesThe CAPS test is an instrument administered for career assessment, the assessment relates to occupational abilities. In order for this test to be considered reliable, it must be consistent in that it measures what it suppose to measure (Knapp, Knapp, Knapp-Lee, 1992, p. 40), which is occupational abilities. I believe that the CAPS test has acceptable reliability, if the test is re-administered in two weeks, my results are bound to be similar due to the timing and length of the test. The timingRead MoreWeaknesess of a Language Test951 Words   |  4 Pages do not provide too many details with phrased like: â€Å"Shows advanced u nderstanding of the language repertoire†. This lack of accuracy in the grading instructions can lead to undesired subjectivity and important misinterpretation of the scoring. Therefore, it could be hard to replicate the measurement from one scorer to another. One of the main problems with this instrument is in regard of task dependency. The C3 task requires the student to write an opinion text based on the knowledge read in textsRead MorePosttraumatic Stress Traumatic Stress Disorder1500 Words   |  6 Pagesfound to affect both young and old. The development of various assessment tools have been used in diagnosing PTSD and one of the most commonly used tests is the Post-Traumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale. It is an assessment that was developed and validated by Edna Foa to provide a brief but reliable self-report measure of PTSD for use in both clinical and research settings (Zalta, Gillihan, Fisher, Mintz, McLean, Yehuda, Foa, 2014). The Post-Traumatic Diagnostic Scale is a n assessment instrument deignedRead MoreSystematic Procedure To Collect Essential Data And These1345 Words   |  6 Pagesand Quality. The instruments those are used to collect the data or new facts are called Research tools. The Research tool plays a vital role not only in collecting primary data, facts but also ensuring accuracy to the research work. The investigator can arrange or select Research tool in two ways, One by selecting already available standardized tools available in the field of study, Standardization refers to proper item selection, high reliability and validity of the instrument to be used in collection

Management and Organizational Behavior Some Basic Aspects

Question: Discuss: What provision of the law was at issue? Briefly state the facts of the case. What legal tests were applied? Were there any unusual elements in the case? Answer: Identification of the article: The article named as Management and Organizational Behavior. Some Basic Aspects has been selected from the Journal of Defense Resources Management. Summary of the article: The report has found that experience has shown that it is highly important to focus more on the organizational behavior. Moreover, it has been observed that this demands the administrators to get readily recognizable with quite a few communal as well as psychosomatic methodical regulations that can help them to respond all the queries connected to the company and the managerial attitude on the behavior of the managers as well as workers. Apart from that, organizational behavior concentrates on the difference of the individuals in between the people of the organization and their substantial impact on fulfilling the objectives of the organization (Nekoranec, 2013). Critique: The article has significantly explained the relationship between the employees of an organization with relation to the organizational culture along with the functioning of the working teams, communication. The most important part of this article is that the analysis and interpretation of the organizational behavior must become one of the major areas of the training of the managers so that the managers can explain as well as predict the behavior of the people in their organization (Alvesson, 2012). Moreover, it has been found that to understand the entire article easily, some parts of organizational behavior have been given extra importance such as organizational behavior, management, effective communication and the corporate culture (Nekoranec, 2013). Article 2: P. Bandura, R., Johnson, R., R. Lyons, P. (2014). Voluntary helpful organizational behavior: Recognition of individual attributes.European Journal of Training and Development,38(7), 610-627. Identification of the Article: The article named as Voluntary helpful organizational behavior: Recognition of Individual attributes has been taken from European Journal of Training and Development. Summary of the Article: The aim of this section is to scrutinize the employee-helpful activities that are charitable as well as given liberally without the expectation of the recompense and acknowledgment. It has been seen that the author of this article has tagged this charitable behavior as important as an important aspect which is helpful organizational behavior. To carry on the entire study, the author has examined the present theory as well as offered a detailed empirical study to identify some means of assessing employee predisposition towards helpful as well as voluntary behavior on the job. However, this research work has used some of the important aspects of the organizational behavior and these are contextual performance, the predisposition of the employees and helpful employee behavior (Bandura, Johnson Lyons, 2014). Critique: After going through the entire study, it can be said that this study has successfully identified the regression equation that uses the variables that help to predict one's predisposition towards the valued behavior. This research work is different from others, as this research work has spoken directly to the practitioners (Pettigrew, 2014). However, it can be said that the definition and explanation have clearly explained and demonstrated the practical features of the contextual performance. Therefore, this particular article has been analyzed as this has discussed some of the important features of organizational behavior (Bandura, Johnson Lyons, 2014). References Alvesson, M. (2012).Understanding organizational culture. Sage. Nekoranec, J. (2013). MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR. SOME BASIC ASPECTS.Journal of Defense Resources Management (JoDRM), (01), 93-98. P. Bandura, R., Johnson, R., R. Lyons, P. (2014). Voluntary helpful organizational behavior: Recognition of individual attributes.European Journal of Training and Development,38(7), 610-627. Pettigrew, A. M. (2014).The politics of organizational decision-making. Routledge.

Alternative Dispute Resolution Acas

Question: Evaluate the purpose of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) and, with particular reference to the services provided by Acas, assess to what extent it is a successful means of resolving disputes outside the formal judicial process. Answer: ADR or alternative dispute resolution has been well established in the form of the provisions related individual consultation by Acas. It is required that consideration should be offered whenever a claim is made by an individual before the Employment Tribunal. It enjoys a high rate of success which is reflected by the aid of settlements and the number of cases where applications are drawn by the individual (Kelliher and Anderson, 2010). Generally, in case of ADR, the well-known processes of resolving conflict in case of collective labor disputes are used like consolation, mediation and arbitration however it also applies to the complaints made by individual workers (Dix, Forth and Sisson, 2009). In this way, ADR provides an alternative to litigation with the help of the courts are at the same time, it can also be a consensual approach that has been adopted towards the resolution of individual disputes in workplace. In this regard, it needs to be noted that there are a number of areas of ADR (Harris e al., 2008). However, generally an independent person is involved in resolving the dispute as a third-party. Sometimes, it can be a person from within the employing company of the organization but in most of the cases, a person from outside the company, who is an independent person, is used for this purpose (Moore, Tasiran and Jefferys, 2008). Successive governments have been concerns regarding the significant rise that has taken place in the number of applications before the Employment Tribunals, and as a result the cost to the public exchequer (Kressel, 2006). As a result, efforts have been made by successive governments in the UK to limit or control the process and have an impact on the way, individual conservation is provided by Acas. One such example can be given in the form of the development of individual arbitration scheme by the Acas which provided an affordable alternative to a hearing before the Employment Tribunal. An individual aggrieved worker makes an application before the Employment Tribunal and for this purpose, completes the ET1 form. However, the Acas helpline can also write such a person to use 'pre-claim conciliation'. This service is offered free of cost but Acas has to arrive at the conclusion that the issue is of the nature that may result in an application for offering the services free of charge. On the other hand, Acas charges for the mediation services and generally these charges are paid by the employer. However, it is expected that the organization will use its internal company procedures and a variation can be made in the award by 25% by the Employment Tribunal if the internal procedure has not been used or the Acas code of practice was not complied with. In this way, the individual conciliators of Acas and its helpline also encourage that the internal procedures of the company should be used for resolving disputes. The conciliators that are appointed by Acas are civil servants and they are trained by Acas. On the other hand, the mediators that are used by Acas are the conciliators who have more experience or they are the senior advisers. However the conciliation practices from the private sector hired their own staff and mainly they include the persons who have experience with trade unions and HR practices. In case of large organizations where internal remediation schemes are present, generally the middle level managers are given training to act as mediators, however sometimes, the employee representatives are also given training to act as mediators (Gibbons, 2007). In this way, using the process of consultation before the case is heard by the Employment Tribunal is a well-established practice. Acas plays an important role as it offers this service free of charge. As a result, whenever an attempt was made by the different governments to curtail or reduce the conciliation role of Acas, it is the social partners who are present in Acas Council have vehemently defended Acas. However as is the case with other areas of public service, there are expanded set of constraints and reductions due to which there can be a pressure on delivery standards. Although, generally it is perceived that Acas is only related with high-profile, collective nature disputes but it needs to be noted that much more vital role is played by Acas, which is related with all the aspects of dispute prevention. While generally the term mediation is used to describe third-party intervention, Acas makes a reference between the processes of ADR like consolation, mediation and arbitration and this difference can be understood when it comes to outcomes, people and processes. The strategy that has been adopted by Acas for the purpose of improving the employment relations includes helping the improvising acquiring skills that help them in developing and employing the procedures that can sustain employment relationships even in situations where high conflict is involved (Knight and Latreille, 2000). These days, the number of small farms is increasing in the business world. As a result it is impractical as well as nearly impossible to go for external intervention in case of each and every dispute. However, by introducing ADR at the early stage, a disagreement can be prevented from developing into a deep-rooted conflict due to which the distance between the parties increases immensely. At the same time, Acas also believes that by providing these services at the early stage, a fertile ground can be prepared for providing direct ADR services, particularly in case of the medium and larger business organizations as has been seen at present in case of certain large companies where these organizations have their own mediators. These mediators step in at the early stage of a conflict in order to prevent the escalation of the dispute (MacLeod and Clarke, 2009). Therefore, apart from the short term goals like reducing the number of cases that go for hearing before the Employment Tribunals, the main goal before Acas is to maintain good employment relationships at the workplace in the United Kingdom (Corby, 1999). As a result, Acas play significant emphasis on the promotion and introduction of Acas at the early stage of a dispute that may arise at the workplace. This approach needs to be supported by all the concerned parties. Long standing attempts have been made with a view to improve the quality of employment relations. At the same time, it is also important that the use of ADR should be considered in a wide range of third-party interventions in order to appreciate the true value of ADR. Therefore, in the end, it can be said that a successful role as being played by Acas and it has provided an alternative method of resolving disputes at the workplace and at the same time, it is also help in maintaining sustainable employment relationships. References Corby, S. (1999).Resolving employment rights disputes through mediation: the New Zealand experience, London: Institute of Employment Rights Dix, G., Forth, J. and Sisson, K. (2009) Conflict at work: the changing pattern of disputes, in Brown, W., Bryson, A., Forth, J and Whitfield, K. (eds.) The evolution of the modern workplace, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 176-200 Gibbons, M. (2007) A review of employment dispute resolution in Great Britain, London: DTI. Harris, L., Tuckman, A., Snook, J., Tailby, S., Hutchinson, S., and Winters, J. (2008) Small Firms and Workplace Disputes Resolution, Acas Research Paper 01/08. Kelliher, C., Anderson, D. (2010). Doing more with less? Flexible work practices and the intensification of work. Human Relations, 63(1), 83-106 Knight, K.G. and Latreille, P.L. (2000) 'Discipline, Dismissals and Complaints to Employment Tribunals', British Journal of Industrial Relations, 38:4, 533-555 Kressel, K. (2006). Mediation revisited, in M. Deutsch and P. Coleman, The Handbook of Constructive Conflict Resolution: Theory and Practice, San Francisco: Jossey Bass. MacLeod, D and Clarke, N. (2009) Engaging for success: enhancing performance through employee engagement, London: Department of Business, Innovation and Skills Moore, S., Tasiran, A. and Jefferys, S. (2008) The impact of employee representation upon workplace industrial relations outcomes, Employment Relations Research Series - No.87, London: BERR

Youth Violence And The Mass Media Essay Example For Students

Youth Violence And The Mass Media Essay Introduction The problem I am researching is the desensitizing of Americas youth through violence in the mass media, specifically television and video games. I am interested in studying it because as violence on television and the violent content contained in video games has increased, so has youth violence. I want to find if the increasing violence shown on television and video games has a desensitizing effect on Americas youth, thus, increasing the probability that they will commit an act of violence. I believe that this research is important because I think violence on television and video games is a form of classical conditioning. In the movie, A Clockwork Orange, the character was given negative reinforcement whenever he sees acts of violence shown to him on television. We will write a custom essay on Youth Violence And The Mass Media specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Eventually, he becomes repulsed by it and feels ill every time he sees or thinks of committing an act of violence. I think television and violent games are having a reverse effect on Americas youth. Violence is glorified in the mass media, thus youth become to associate killing with entertainment, they see violence as the manly thing to do, and they see how violence on television often goes unpunished. I feel this is a cause of youth violence because of the desensitizing nature of violence on television. One study showed that network programming averages 36.6 violent acts per hour. Is there any question that this would have a desensitizing effect on Americas youth over time? Literature Review I looked at five other studies that were related to my research. The first was from an article from the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology entitled Video Games and Aggressive Thoughts, Feelings, and Behavior in the Laboratory and in Life by Craig Anderson and Karen Dill. In the article, the effects of violent video games on youths were studied. What was found was that real-life violent video game play was positively related to increased aggressive behavior and delinquency. Also, academic achievement was negatively related to the overall amount of time spent playing games. This study involved two different forms of observation. The short-term effects (laboratory aggression) of the video games was studied using laboratory observation, while the long-term effects (increased delinquency) were studied using surveys. Another study I looked at was an article from the Sociological Spectrum entitled Violence, Morality, and Television Commercials by Brenden Maguire, Diane Sandage, and Georgie Ann Weatherby. This study examined whether violence in television commercials was related to declining morality and rising crime among youths. A content analysis was performed of 1699 commercials shown over sixteen days and evenings in January and February of 1996 and June and July in 1997. What was found that only a small percentage of commercials contained violence and a small number of commercials exhibited behavior or attitudes contrary to conventional moral standards. Maguire et al concluded that although advertisers sponsor programs that feature violence, they do not wish to associate violence with their products. Therefore, commercials have little to effect on the increasing aggressive tendencies of Americas youth. The third article I studied was from the journal, Aggression and Violent Behavior 4, entitled Film Violence and Young Offenders by Amanda Pennell and Kevin Browne. In this article, Pennell and Browne found that screen violence can affect consumer behavior by: imitation of violent roles and aggressive acts; triggering of aggressive impulses in predisposed individuals; desensitizing feelings of sympathy towards victims; creating indifference towards use of violence; and creating a frame of mind that sees violent acts as socially acceptable responses to stress and frustration. Pennell and Browne found young offenders like violent videos because of their aggressive backgrounds and behavioral tendencies, but concluded that whether such tastes in film reinforce violent behavior and increasing frequency of aggressive acts is debatable. The methodology used in this study was laboratory observation, with each youth being shown a violent video and their immediate reaction as well as their impr ession of the video late being noted. The fourth article I used was entitled Cutting Film Violence: Effects on Perceptions, Enjoyment, and Arousal by Mike Berry, Tim Gray, and Ed Donnerstein. .u3e7b2ad78af240163bdc8838df30883e , .u3e7b2ad78af240163bdc8838df30883e .postImageUrl , .u3e7b2ad78af240163bdc8838df30883e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3e7b2ad78af240163bdc8838df30883e , .u3e7b2ad78af240163bdc8838df30883e:hover , .u3e7b2ad78af240163bdc8838df30883e:visited , .u3e7b2ad78af240163bdc8838df30883e:active { border:0!important; } .u3e7b2ad78af240163bdc8838df30883e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3e7b2ad78af240163bdc8838df30883e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3e7b2ad78af240163bdc8838df30883e:active , .u3e7b2ad78af240163bdc8838df30883e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3e7b2ad78af240163bdc8838df30883e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3e7b2ad78af240163bdc8838df30883e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3e7b2ad78af240163bdc8838df30883e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3e7b2ad78af240163bdc8838df30883e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3e7b2ad78af240163bdc8838df30883e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3e7b2ad78af240163bdc8838df30883e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3e7b2ad78af240163bdc8838df30883e .u3e7b2ad78af240163bdc8838df30883e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3e7b2ad78af240163bdc8838df30883e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: American identity Essay This article was taken from the Journal of Social Psychology. This study investigated the effects of cutting specific graphic scenes .

Why to Use a Free Sample Essay for Your Next Paper

Why to Use a Free Sample Essay for Your Next PaperWhen I was a student, the only way I could write a paper or assignment for my university, was to get a free sample essay of theirs for their class. Now you may be thinking, well why would you do that?Well the first reason is because you are expected to write it, therefore you need to know the topic beforehand. Also, the university does not have time to waste, they want their students to learn as much as possible and to succeed. By getting a free sample essay, they will be able to tell you exactly what their expectations are and what you need to do to get them there.Your essay is also much better than one, you would have written on your own, and you can even improve it by simply practicing as you go along. You also will not have to pay to have it written or reviewed. This will save you money.I don't think it has ever occurred to you that it is your responsibility to write an essay for another person, you are the authority, the voice. Y ou need to write an essay for a university, and not for yourself. You need to feel confident, and give them a reason to hire you.After all you are the one that knows your subject matter best, and so you should know it better than any other person. If you have never studied something before, then your homework is to find a good essay online. You should then study those essays and begin writing your own, starting with a sample essay that is free.You must always remember that you cannot just write. You should spend time researching and gathering information, and you should make sure that you are not just following a story line. Your essay needs to be well researched and well thought out, and you should realize that an essay, especially one for a university, is not something that you can just read off of the back of a flyer.Try to remember that you are writing for someone who is probably not very well educated, and that they expect a lot from you. A good example of this is a person that runs a business, or some type of job that requires lots of information, so the more you can bring to it, the better.While writing an essay, you will want to try to make it seem as if it was put together in an afternoon, and you will want to really research the topic, and make sure that you know your facts before you start writing. Also, do not forget to send it in, for a great idea of what they look like.

Free Essays on A Change Of Thought

that Todd Beamer said to a fellow passenger of flight 93 before it crashed in a rural Pennsylvania. Him and the other passengers planned to over power the hijackers and gain control of the plane again. They did not achieve all of their intended plans but were able to save possibly thousands of people from death. This is an obvious example of the heroism in the 21st century. Due to the events of September 11 heroism has been something greatly publicized and appreciated by the whole country. Before September 11th modern heroism was usually thought of a person who was famous or influential. People such as movie stars, sports figures, or other people who appear to be special and amazing in some way. Once 9/11 happened peoples view point on heroes completely changed, and so did the ideas of what heroes do and accomplish. Now attributes of a hero are someone selfless, courageous, giving, companionate, and willing, instead of the idealistic attributes of hers prior to the attacks. Once real people were seen being much more heroic than any movie star or sports figure. They redefined the idea of a hero. Todd Beamer and the passenger of flight 93 are some of the modern heroes that came to light due to 9/11. The firefighters in New York became major heroes in the eyes of all Americans. They displayed all the characteristics of a hero on 9/11 and did it with out even hesitating. Rescue workers and civilians of 9/11 also displayed their abilities to be heroes. Most of the heroes in 9/11 hade to over come a stressful situation, not panic, all were all also in some immediate danger, weather it be their lives or the lives of others, they had a lot of responsibility. Another major attribute that mostly all of the heroes of 9/11 shares is the overwhelming amount of selflessness they have, many died trying to save others. Also in the modern world there are always... Free Essays on A Change Of Thought Free Essays on A Change Of Thought A Change of Thought â€Å"You ready? Ok, lets roll† were the famous words that Todd Beamer said to a fellow passenger of flight 93 before it crashed in a rural Pennsylvania. Him and the other passengers planned to over power the hijackers and gain control of the plane again. They did not achieve all of their intended plans but were able to save possibly thousands of people from death. This is an obvious example of the heroism in the 21st century. Due to the events of September 11 heroism has been something greatly publicized and appreciated by the whole country. Before September 11th modern heroism was usually thought of a person who was famous or influential. People such as movie stars, sports figures, or other people who appear to be special and amazing in some way. Once 9/11 happened peoples view point on heroes completely changed, and so did the ideas of what heroes do and accomplish. Now attributes of a hero are someone selfless, courageous, giving, companionate, and willing, instead of the idealistic attributes of hers prior to the attacks. Once real people were seen being much more heroic than any movie star or sports figure. They redefined the idea of a hero. Todd Beamer and the passenger of flight 93 are some of the modern heroes that came to light due to 9/11. The firefighters in New York became major heroes in the eyes of all Americans. They displayed all the characteristics of a hero on 9/11 and did it with out even hesitating. Rescue workers and civilians of 9/11 also displayed their abilities to be heroes. Most of the heroes in 9/11 hade to over come a stressful situation, not panic, all were all also in some immediate danger, weather it be their lives or the lives of others, they had a lot of responsibility. Another major attribute that mostly all of the heroes of 9/11 shares is the overwhelming amount of selflessness they have, many died trying to save others. Also in the modern world there are always...

Home Alice Walker Everyday Use Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Home Alice Walker Everyday Use - Essay Example This paper will aim to highlight the various aspects in which Dee’s character associates to home and her identity. Right from the start of story, Dee is presented as a character that appears to be a misfit in the environment depicted in the story. Dee’s mother and sister may be regarded as exemplary characters that have very polite habits of speaking and dealing with people. It appears that this is perhaps the writer’s way of creating a sense of ‘normal’ in the minds of readers. Dee character when contrasted against this ‘normal’ becomes extremely shocking for the reader and it is clearly evident that Dee displays characteristics that are alien to the environment of the home and its people. The sharp contrast that exists between Dee and her younger sister is a reflection of the fact that Dee has no emotional bonding to her home; a feature that is missing in her younger sister. Immediately upon arriving at her own home, she starts to behave in a manner that is unacceptable by all moral standards and the residents of home appear to be defending themselves from this new ‘trouble’. She is accompanied by her new boyfriend who has a religion and culture that is different from hers. This is Walker’s way of reflecting upon her new plan for her future. She has no intentions to revisit her culture in the future; instead she is looking for joining new people in life and most probably to adopt their culture. With this new ‘future’ sitting beside her during the dinner, she talks about the glory of her ‘roots’ and wishes to grab hold of the possessions that are a representation of her roots; but her real intention is to use her roots to ‘decorate’ her surroundings. Walker at this stage clearly exposes her false sense of belonging to her ‘roots’, since a person’s origins are not meant to deco rate their environment, but to make them proud of

Quantitative Research Methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Quantitative Research Methods - Essay Example There are a number of factors that can be expected to have important role in determining the cognitive ability of individuals in their childhood. These factors include various characteristics of a child including gender, birth weight, breast feeding, etc., parental factors like parent qualification, parents’ social class etc. socioeconomic issues of family including ethnicity, religion, income, housing etc., other family related issues like childcare, bedtime, ability to read, etc. and geographical factors. This study will make an attempt to find which of these factors have significant effect on cognitive ability of children in UK. The thesis statement for this research can be stated as follows: Various children specific, parental, family specific and geographic factors affect cognitive ability of individuals at early age. Against this thesis statement the following research questions can be made: How do children specific factors like gender, birth weight, breast feeding etc a ffect the cognitive ability of a child? How do various parental factors like parents’ qualification, social class, etc. affect the cognitive ability of a child? How do socioeconomic factors related to a family, like ethnicity, religion, income, housing, etc. ... hypothesis: Children specific factors like gender, birth weight, breast feeding etc do not significantly affect the cognitive ability of a child Alternative hypothesis: children specific factors like gender, birth weight, breast feeding etc significantly affect the cognitive ability of a child. Hypotheses related to second research question: Null hypothesis: Various parental factors like parents’ qualification, social class, etc. do not significantly affect the cognitive ability of a child. Alternative hypothesis: Various parental factors like parents’ qualification, social class, etc significantly affect the cognitive ability of a child. Hypotheses related to third research question: Null hypothesis: Socioeconomic factors related to a family, like ethnicity, religion, income, housing, etc. do not significantly affect cognitive ability of a child. Alternative hypothesis: Socioeconomic factors related to a family, like ethnicity, religion, income, housing, etc. significa ntly affect cognitive ability of a child. Hypotheses related to fourth research question: Null hypothesis: Family related factors like bedtime, ability to read, childcare, etc. do not significantly affect cognitive ability of a child. Alternative hypothesis: Family related factors like bedtime, ability to read, childcare, etc. significantly affect cognitive ability of a child. Hypotheses related to fifth research question: Null hypothesis: Geographical factors do not significantly affect cognitive ability of a child. Alternative hypothesis: Geographical factors significantly affect cognitive ability of a child. In order to test these hypotheses a statistical test of regression will be conducted. The data and method for the test will be discussed in the next section. Data and Method: Sample data: For

Concept of Delinquency Essay Example for Free

Concept of Delinquency Essay The National Criminal Justice Reference Service defines the offenses committed by status offenders as the following: â€Å"behaviors that were law violations only if committed by a person of juvenile status. Such behaviors include running away from home, ungovernability (being beyond the control of parents or guardians), truancy, status liquor law violations (e. g. , underage drinking, and other miscellaneous offenses that apply only to minors (e. g. , curfew violations and tobacco offenses. In the Federal Criminal System, juvenile delinquents are juvenile offenders processed in the Federal justice system, with charges of delinquency, which are in violation of state or federal laws. Looking at the definitions of these two, there seems to be a very thin line dividing the two which is why the justice system treats them similarly, which is by having the cases processed by the juvenile courts. From the point of view of the law enforcers, the treatment should be the same as both are violating certain laws and regulations. The other sectors however believe that the treatment should not be the same as status offenses are considered as minor offenses while the juvenile delinquency offenses are of graver status. Therefore the status offenders should not be processed in the same manner as the juvenile delinquents. The latter are considered to have more serious violations of either state or federal laws or municipal or local ordinances. A master’s study that was archived with the Central Connecticut State University Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice supported the claim that the treatment should not be the same. A review of a state program created to deal with status offenders was made and here it is asserted that the treatment of status offenders should not be the same. The paper asserts that status offenders should not be punished without having committed crimes and that they should not be referred to the courts as they have not committed crimes. Further, the juvenile courts should not be used to order children into placement. Why are males more delinquent than females? Is it a matter of lifestyle, culture or physical properties? A study of gender and delinquency entitled Crime Delinquency in the United States presents official statistics that suggest that males are significantly more criminal and delinquent than females. Data show that the teenage gender ratio for serious violent crime arrests is approximately 6 to 1, and for property crime approximately 2. 5 to 1, male to female. Similarly, the study by Melissa Sickmund (Juvenile Justice Bulletin, Oct. 2000) indicates that the males are involved in about 8 in 10 delinquency cases each year. Although they constitute only half of the juvenile population, males were involved in well over 70% of person, property, and public order offense cases and in 85% of drug law violation cases handled by the courts in 1997. The male proportions were somewhat higher in 1988. Here it is seen that males are more likely to be â€Å"frequently delinquent† than females and more likely to engage in serious felony-type acts. The explanations range from the biological to the sociological to the social. Each of the reasons identified in the question is a factor to consider: lifestyle, culture or physical properties. As to the lifestyle, males are more extroverted and therefore more exposed to the environment outside the homes. Even in the modern non-patriarchal societies, the males are seen to perform more roles outside of the house. Culture is an important reason too. Our general notion of the females relates to being mothers and therefore also naturally clinging to maternal support. This natural tendency explains why females will more likely not want to commit crimes. The physical or biological properties are also helpful in explaining this gender issue relative to delinquency. In their physical development, females are more expressive of their emotions, more open to family bonding and ties compared to males. Females have the tendency to be more closely monitored by the parents compared to the males. Should there be mandatory incarceration for chronic juvenile offenders? Those who are in favor or mandatory incarceration are of the opinion that offenders, regardless of gender or age should be incarcerated and that chronic offenders should be punished on a mandatory basis in order to reduce and deter crime . On the other hand, those who do not favor mandatory incarceration are of the opinion that for reform to take place, rehabilitation and not incarceration is the remedy. The paper written by Joseph B. Sanborn Jr. asserts that the traditional primary purpose of the juvenile justice system, which is rehabilitating young offenders, should be preserved. Because of the problem of excluding some juvenile delinquents from being prosecuted in the juvenile courts but only in the criminal courts, Sanborn believes that there must be developed a rationale for this exclusion. Summarizing the arguments for or against mandatory incarceration, a study on Serious Juvenile Offenders , quoting Schuster (1978), observes that the serious violent delinquent is an insignificant part of the total population and only a small part of the delinquent population. Because of their small numbers it is more appropriate to rely on the traditional juvenile court waiver mechanisms than to create new laws for the special handling of serious juvenile offenders. From another perspective, however, although serious juvenile offenders are few, they cause considerable social harm, such that measures must be taken to rotect society from them. This view, combined with an emphasis on crime reduction through incapacitation, has led to a policy of mandatory incarceration for serious juvenile offenders in some States. Another view holds that the incapacitation of chronic juvenile offenders will not substantially reduce the crime problem, because so many serious delinquent acts go undetected according to self-report data; however, the same studies suggest that the more frequent and serious violators eventually become â€Å"official† delinquents. Another perspective neither minimizes the problem of serious juvenile crime nor suggests that the rehabilitative goal of juvenile justice be abandoned. It advocates that juvenile justice develop programs that will facilitate change in serious juvenile offenders while providing adequate protection for society. While research can provide more information on what does and does work with such offenders, youth policy ultimately rests on ethical considerations that lie beyond the province of the legal and behavioral science realms. References http://www.ncjrs.gov/app/publications/Abstract.aspx?id=88858 http://www.ncjrs.gov/html/ojjdp/jjbul2000_10_3/contents.html